III. The history of the Party during the Second Revolutionary Civil War (August 1927-July 1937) can be divided into five periods:

The first stage is from August, 27 to the end of 28.The Party mainly launched and led armed uprisings in various parts of the country, and established the Red Army of workers and peasants and the revolutionary base areas in the countryside. The revolutionary forces were initially restored and developed.

The second stage is from January 29 to September 31.This is mainly because the Red Army of workers and peasants and the rural revolutionary base areas in all localities have developed greatly, and the revolutionary road of encirclement of the cities by the countryside with Chinese characteristics and seizing political power by armed forces has basically taken shape.The Party's struggle in the White Area was also restored and developed to a certain extent.

The third stage is from September 31 to the end of 34.The main reason is that after the September 18 Incident, the anti-Japanese democratic movement came to a climax in the whole country, but because of the leadership of Wang Ming's "left" adventurism, not only lost the favorable revolutionary situation, but also brought serious harm to the revolution.

The fourth stage is from January to December 35.It was mainly the party's zunyi conference that ended wang Ming's "left" adventurism's rule in the central government, established MAO zedong's leading position in the red army and the central party committee, and achieved the great victory of the central red army's long march.

The fifth stage is from December 35 to July 37.It is mainly the Party's struggle for the establishment of the anti-Japanese national united front to welcome the arrival of the national anti-Japanese war.

Armed resistance to the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang and the establishment of the Red Army of Workers and Peasants and revolutionary base areas.After the defeat of the First Revolutionary Civil War, a large number of Communists and revolutionary masses were brutally killed, and the revolutionary forces throughout the country were severely damaged. The number of Chinese Communists dropped from more than 57,000 to about 10,000, and the Chinese revolution temporarily entered a low tide.Party organizations went underground, forming a red and white opposition, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party against each other.

In mid-July, 27, the central government decided to hold a peasant uprising in Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong and Jiangxi and the Nanchang Uprising, armed struggle against the Kuomintang reactionaries.On August 1, under the leadership of the Committee of Former Enemies of the Communist Party of China with Zhou Enlai as secretary, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng and others led the former Northern Expedition and other revolutionary forces of more than 30,000 people in the Nanchang uprising, all the three, six and nine armies of the Kuomintang in Nanchang armed forces.The first shot was fired in the armed revolt against Kuomintang reactionaries.However, the troops were later besieged by the enemy when they went to Canton, and the rest of the troops moved to the border villages to persevere in the struggle.On August 7, the central government held an emergency meeting in Hankou to correct the mistake of Chen Du-hsiu's right capitulationism, determine the policy of agrarian revolution and armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries, and determine the autumn harvest uprising.The meeting elected the provisional political bureau headed by qu qiubai.After the August 7th Conference, Mao Zedong was entrusted by the central government to lead the Autumn Harvest Uprising in Hunan.The insurrection troops arrived in the Jinggangshan region in October and began to establish the rural revolutionary base area.In December Zhang Tailei, Ye Ting, Ye Jianying and others led the Guangzhou Uprising. This uprising, because it did not move to the countryside in time, was also defeated by the attack of the superior enemy.From the "August 7th Conference" to the end of 28, there were more than 100 armed uprisings throughout the country. These uprisings heroically fought the enemy and enabled our Party "to enter a new period of founding the Red Army".In September 1928, Zhu De and Chen Yi led a part of the army retained by the Nanchang Uprising and the peasant army in southern Hunan to Jinggangshan to join forces with Mao Zedong's Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants in victory, and established the Fourth Army of the Chinese Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants, with Zhu De serving as commander and Mao Zedong serving as party representative.At the same time, all over the uprising forces have also established armed bases.

Just as a large number of the backbone of the Communist Party of China went deep into the countryside to establish and develop the Red Army and the revolutionary base areas, at this time, the Red Army grew stronger;② The workers' movement is upsurge.Part of the comrades represented by Li Lisan in the party, because of the hatred of the Kuomintang massacre policy and the hatred of Chen Tu-hsiu's right capitulationism, the left-leaning sentiment gradually expanded.They insisted on taking the city as the center and blindly organized workers' riots, causing serious losses to some of the Party's strength that had been preserved after the failure of the Great Revolution.June 28 years, the Chinese communist party was held in Moscow, the sixth national congress correctly analyzed the nature of Chinese society and revolution, puts forward the implementing land revolution, established the worker-peasant democratic dictatorship and other specific guidelines and policies, criticizes the right capitulationism and error of "left" putschism, elected the new central committee.Later, at the First Plenary Session of the Sixth CPC Central Committee, Xiang Zhongfa was elected general secretary, but unduly emphasised the "leadership role of cities".

(2) the consolidation and development of the workers' and peasants' red army and the rural revolutionary base areas, the failure of the fifth counter-encirclement and suppression in the base areas, and the forcing of the red army on the long march.After the Big Six, great progress was made in the Red Army of workers and peasants and in the rural revolutionary base areas.By 1930, the Red Army had grown to 100,000 troops nationwide and had opened up more than ten revolutionary base areas, large or small, in Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces.With the expansion of the Red Army and the development of the revolutionary bases, the construction of the Red Army itself has become an urgent problem to be solved.In December 1929, in fujian province county thou farmland convened the 9th congress of the fourth army of the communist party of China, emphasized the reds' an armed groups' revolutionary political task, must obey the leadership of the party, sets up the proletariat thought, correct the purely military viewpoint, ultra-democracy, absolute equalitarianism, subjectivism, individualism, fighting in the thought idea,It undertakes the tasks of propagating the masses, organizing the masses and arming the masses.He stressed that ideological construction should be given top priority in Party building.Reiterating the directives of the Central Military Commission, he pointed out that the Chinese revolution began with the rural Red Army and followed by the urban regime.It stipulated that the basic tasks of the Red Army were to mobilize the masses to carry out agrarian revolution, arm the peasants to carry out guerrilla warfare, establish the Soviet regime and expand the base areas.At the same time, the white area work of the Party has also been restored and developed. By 1930, the national party members have grown to more than 120,000 people, the trade union members have also recovered to more than 100,000 people, and the cultural front of the white area has also been developed.At the same time as the revolutionary situation was improving, the Kuomintang warlords broke out in a free-for-all, which enlarged the minds of the 'left-leaning' adventurists such as Li Lisan, the main party leader, and insisted on the city-center theory, organized a great insurrection of workers and ordered the Red Army to attack the cities.As a result, the Red Army and the base areas suffered heavy losses, the Party organizations in the White Area were destroyed, and a large number of Party members and revolutionary masses were killed.In September 1930, the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth CPC Central Committee was held in Shanghai. Qu Qiubai and Zhou Enlai presided over the meeting, which put an end to Li Lisan's line and corrected the mistakes of 'left-leaning'.As a result of the Red Army's attack on the city, the enemy was alerted, and the Kuomintang deployed a large-scale military 'encirclement and suppression' of the revolutionary bases.Under the command of Mao Zedong and Zhu De, the First Red Army adopted the combat policy of luring the enemy deeply, and successively won the first, second and third glorious victories in the anti-encirclement and suppression campaign from 1930 to July 1931, and carried out the anti-encirclement and suppression guerrilla warfare in each base area.As our party's correct the li lisan's adventurism "left" adventurism, the red army against siege victory unceasingly, the southern cultural struggle forward, organizations of our party and the emergence of a than li lisan's adventurism "left-leaning" some error theory is more, the more prosperous, more complete "left" opportunism of form, namely, wang Ming left dogmatism.Wang Ming had studied in Moscow, the works of Marxism-Leninism can be recited item by item, in the Communist International on behalf of the support of Miff, in 31 years of the party's sixth session of the fourth country to obtain the central leadership.Under the banner of 'anti-rightist bias', they are waging a brutal struggle and mercilessly attacking comrades with different opinions.The democratic atmosphere within the Party has been greatly damaged.On September 18, 1931, the Japanese imperialists in shenyang candidates' 9 · September 18th incident, weighing in the kuomintang government, under the command of nonresistance policy have retreated inside shanhaiguan, fell to Japanese colony in the northeast of China, the KMT government signed with Japan more in May, the same year the two battles in the armistice agreement, aroused strong opposition from all walks of life across the country,The anti-japanese movement spread rapidly throughout the country.However, because of Wang Ming's wrong line, the revolutionary power was not developed, but weakened.

In June 1931, Xiang Zhongfa was arrested for rebellion (Xiang Zhongfa had been secretary of the Central Party).The central leadership was destroyed, and the organization in the White Area was destroyed in succession. By early 1933, the Party's interim Central Committee was forced to leave Shanghai.And moved into the Central Soviet Area.32 years in June, the kuomintang reactionaries involved more than 60 thousands of troops to the revolutionary base launched a fourth military "encirclement and suppression", hubei, henan, and anhui revolutionary base due to the underestimation of chang kuo-tao fail, principles and policy of the central Soviet area MAO zedong's "against encirclement and suppression" temporary differences have taken place in the central, MAO zedong was sidelined, cancellation of the red army general commissar.In the winter of that year, the Kuomintang reactionaries mobilized more than half a million troops to attack the Central Soviet Area. Under the command of Zhou Enlai and Zhu De, the First Red Army flexibly applied the experience of the previous three "counter-encirclement and suppression" campaigns, and still achieved the fourth great victory, annihilating nearly three enemy divisions, capturing more than 10,000 enemies and capturing more than 10,000 guns.At the beginning of the year, the temporary central government moved into the Soviet area, and wang Ming took control of the whole military situation in the Soviet area.In October of the same year, the Kuomintang reactionaries launched the fifth "encirclement and suppression" on a larger scale. Wang Ming's left-wing adventurism adopted the "close-door doctrine" and rejected the enemy's "outside the country's door" policy.He left the command of the army entirely to Li De, the Comintern's military adviser in China.(Li Dezeng in the Soviet union during world war ii in the battle of Stalin promised great exploits), read "use of the Soviet union and German war, coupled with wang Ming" left "route, the Soviet area and the fifth counter-campaign against" encirclement and suppression "struggle in the heavy defeat, lost base from the national most Soviet area, the Chinese red army of workers and peasants were forced to long journey.In January 1935 the red army long march through zunyi, the CPC Central Committee held the enlarged meeting of the politburo, summarizes the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" failure lesson, the criticism of wang Ming "left" adventurism, the affirmation of the military policy of MAO zedong, elected MAO zedong as the politburo standing committee, established MAO zedong as the representative of the new correct leadership of the central authorities, in moments of extreme danger,Saved the party and the Red Army, is a vital turning point in the history of the Communist Party of China.After nearly two years of difficult and dangerous long march (through the Daliang Mountain, flying Luding Bridge, through the Dadu River, four crossing Chishui, over the snow mountain snow all the year round, etc.) the three main Red Army, two, four, in Gansu Huining, Jingning field, the Red Army finally achieved the victory of the Long March.At the same time, the red army in the southern base areas also waged guerrilla warfare with great difficulty and retained the revolutionary strength.

The Party struggles to establish an anti-Japanese national united front.35 years after the Japanese imperialists invaded the northeast, and launched the north China incident, attempt to become its colonies in north China, the communist party of China published on August 1, the declaration of the "eight", put forward the idea of "stopping the civil war and unanimously resisting Japan", all students have to take to the streets, "December 9" patriotic movement broke out.The Communist Party of China also held a meeting at Wayaopao and proposed the policy of the anti-Japanese national united front.In trying to stop the civil war and resist Japan in unison, the CCP also did a lot of work to the Northeast Army and the Northwest Army.Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng also hope to stop the civil war to resist Japan together.However, Chiang kai-shek still stubbornly insisted on the anti-communist policy of "peace must be ensured at home before entering abroad", and suppressed the anti-Japanese movements in various places.The refusal of Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng's anti-Japanese demands, and the preparation of Zhang and Yang's troops out of the northwest, provoked the "Xi 'an Incident."In December 1936, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng detained Chiang Kai-shek in Xi 'an, sent a telegram to the whole country, put forward eight proposals, such as reorganizing the Nanjing government, stopping the civil war, jointly resisting Japan, releasing all political prisoners, and implementing democratic politics. They invited representatives of the Communist Party of China to Xi 'an to discuss ways to save the country.Party calmly analyzed the complicated situation of the Sian incident, after repeated research, deciding on a policy of a peaceful settlement of the incident, and send out by zhou enlai, Qin Bangxian delegation to participate in the negotiation, ye jianying, etc, through the efforts of the parties, Chiang kai-shek was forced to accept the "stop communist suppression", finally "associated with the communist party of anti-japanese" and conditions such as the release of political prisonersTo bring the Xi 'an Incident to a peaceful settlement.Zhang Xueliang then released Chiang Kai-shek and sent him back to Nanjing.From then on, Zhang Xueliang was detained by Chiang Kai-shek for a long time.The peaceful settlement of the Xi 'an Incident promoted new cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the establishment of the anti-Japanese national united front.From then on, China's current situation turned into the period of the Anti-Japanese War.