VI. Period during which socialist transformation was basically completed (49.10 -- 56.12)
From the founding of the People's Republic of China to the basic completion of the socialist transformation, the CPC led the people of all ethnic groups in realizing the transition from new democracy to socialism in a step-by-step manner, which was divided into two stages.
The first three years after the founding of the People's Republic were the first stage.The main tasks of the Party are to complete the new-democratic revolution thoroughly, establish a new-democratic political and economic system throughout the country, restore the national economy and expand production in order to prepare conditions for planned socialist economic construction and comprehensive socialist transformation.At this stage, apart from continuing to wipe out the remnants of the Kuomintang forces and bandits and suppress counter-revolutionaries, we expanded the newly liberated areas in the countryside and carried out the agrarian revolution.In the old areas began to organize mutual assistance and cooperation;In the cities, bureaucratic capital was confiscated, capitalist industrial and commercial use was restricted, and state capitalism began to be practiced.At the same time, he successfully completed various social reform tasks, and launched the "three anti" and "five anti" movements, that is, anti-corruption, anti-waste, anti-bureaucracy and anti-illegal capitalists bribery, anti-tax evasion, anti-fraud of state assets, anti-jerry-building and anti-theft of national economic information.It carried out the war against the United States to aid Korea, to protect the country and to suppress the counter-revolutionary movement.At the end of 1952, not only in the national economy has been achieved and has exceeded record levels in many respects, on the basis of the central committee of the party put forward the general line in the transitional period in a timely manner (that is, in a fairly long period of time, gradually realize the national industrialization, and gradually realize the agriculture, handicraft industry and capitalist industry and commerce socialist transformation).The general line points out the specific route and steps for the transition from new democracy to socialism, and establishes a socialist transformation road suited to China's characteristics.
The second stage was from 1952 to 1956.The main tasks of the Party are to gradually realize the country's socialist industrialization and basically complete the socialist transformation of the private ownership of the means of production.Under the guidance of the general line for the transitional period, the CPC led the people of all ethnic groups in carrying out the large-scale economic construction of the first five-year plan.Agriculture and handicraft were transformed into socialism through cooperation and capitalist industry and commerce through state capitalism through a series of transitional forms from low to high.By 1956, the socialist transformation of the private ownership of the means of production had been basically completed in most parts of the country, thus smoothly realizing the great transformation of China's society from new democracy to socialism.The Eighth National Congress of the Party, held in September 1956, promptly pointed out the direction for the cause of socialism and Party building in the new era.(The Fourth Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee before the Eighth Congress also crushed the plot of Takaoka and Rao Sei to usurp power against the Party.)
VII. The Period of Comprehensively Building Socialism (57.1 -- 66.4)
After the socialist transformation was basically completed, China began to enter the period of building socialism in an all-round way.Due to the lack of ideological and theoretical preparation for the rapid arrival of the socialist society and the comprehensive socialist construction, the Party has made mistakes in subjective guidance in the complex domestic and foreign environment, and the historical development has experienced a tortuous process.On the whole, however, the Party's guidelines during this period were basically correct for most of the time;Although the socialist construction suffered serious setbacks, it has made great achievements.The Party has accumulated important experience in leading socialist construction and trained a large number of talents in economic and cultural development.This is the leading aspect of our Party's work.
The history of this decade can be divided into three stages: 1957 is the first stage.As a result of the implementation of the correct policies of the Eighth Congress, the Party focused its energy on economic development and achieved a great victory in overfulfilling the first five-year plan.As a result of an unrealistic assessment of the domestic political situation at the turn of the spring and summer of 1957 and an excessive exaggeration of the enemy situation, a mass political movement was launched throughout the country, and the struggle against the Rightists was greatly enlarged.After the anti-rightist movement, the "left" sentiment in the party began to develop.Although there have been serious enlarging mistakes in the struggle against the Rightists, they are still of a local nature.
From 1958 to the autumn of 1960, it was the second stage.This period is called the "Five Series Year".The Party made serious "left" mistakes in its guidelines and rashly launched the "Great Leap Forward" and the people's commune movement.Later, the Party began to correct perceived errors.In 1959, the First Session of the Second National People's Congress was held and Liu Shaoqi was elected President of the People's Republic of China.At the same time, Chen Yun to the Party Central Committee, Mao Zedong proposed to reduce the plan indicators.In July, the CPC Central Committee held an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau in Lushan.The meeting was scheduled for issues are summing up experience, correcting "left" errors, but at the end of the whole process will be, still can not put forward the practical program of rectifying the "left", has just returned from a trip to the Soviet union in lushan meeting peng dehuai, according to the national rural reality, to MAO zedong wrote a letter, the letter certainly results in 1958,He pointedly pointed out the "fanaticism of the petty bourgeoisie" and put forward pertinent criticisms.The letter greatly offended Mao's cult of personality and his supreme authority among the masses.As a result, the situation of the whole meeting took a sudden turn for the worse, turning the "left" correction into an anti-right one, and wrongly carrying out the struggle against "the anti-party cliques of peng dehuai, huang kecheng, zhang wentian and zhou xiaozhou".This struggle has had a serious adverse effect on the cause of the Party.This led to the further development of the "Left" error.In addition, after 1960, great changes took place in Sino-Soviet relations. The accounts of the Communist Party of China to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union needed to be fully repaid, and the domestic natural disasters were serious, resulting in three years of serious economic difficulties.
The third period was from the winter of 1960 to the spring of 1966.The CPC Central Committee and Mao Zedong began to correct the mistakes of the "Left" and decided to implement the eight-character policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement" for the national economy (the eighth plenary session in August 61).This is an important shift.By the end of 1965, the task of economic adjustment was successfully completed, and the national economy was thriving again.However, the mistakes of the "Left" were not completely corrected in the guiding ideology of economic work, while progress was made in the political, ideological and cultural fields, which finally led to the launch of the "Cultural Revolution".
VIII. "Cultural Revolution" Period (May, 66 -- October, 76)
The "Cultural Revolution" period is a special period in the history of the Party.Its main feature is that the overall "left" bias has always been in the dominant position.On the one hand, it is the result of the vicious development of the "left" trend of thought in the Party on the problem of class struggle in socialist society since 1957.On the other hand, Mao Zedong constantly observed and thought about the problems in the real life of the new socialist society, paid great attention to the consolidation of the party and people's political power which was created with great difficulty, and was highly alert to the danger of the restoration of capitalism. In order to eliminate corruption, privileges and bureaucratism in the party and government, Mao Zedong made constant exploration and struggle.However, they did not have a clear understanding of the laws governing the construction and development of socialist society. Due to the cumulative development of the mistakes of the "Left" in theory and practice, many correct thoughts on socialist construction were not implemented, which eventually led to civil unrest.
The Cultural Revolution, which lasted for ten years, was the longest, most extensive and the greatest setback suffered by the Party, the state and the people of all ethnic groups since the founding of the People's Republic of China.It was not a revolution or social progress in any sense, but a revolution launched by the wrong leader and exploited by the counter-revolutionary clique. it brought grave disasters and civil strife to the Party, the country and the people of all ethnic groups, leaving behind a painful lesson.
The "Cultural Revolution" as a political movement is different from the historical period of the "Cultural Revolution".During this period, important progress was made despite difficulties.Notable achievements have been made in the construction of the third line, including the construction of a number of transport lines and oil pipelines. Notable achievements have been made in defense science and technology, and breakthroughs have been made in civil science and technology.These major achievements on the scientific and technological front, especially in the field of cutting-edge national defense technologies, have not only enhanced China's overall national strength and strategic national defense capabilities, but also have great political significance.
The history of the "Cultural Revolution" can be divided into three stages
The first stage was from the launch of the "Cultural Revolution" at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in May 1966 to the 9th CPC National Congress in April 1969.In this period, basically following Mao Zedong's deployment, the so-called "Liu Shaoqi bourgeois headquarters" and its agents in various places were shot, and the climax was set off by Mao Zedong's Posting of "Shooting Headquarters -- My Dazzle-character Postage" in Zhongnanhai on August 5.Mao Zedong's big-character newspaper read: "How well written are the first Marxist-Leninist big-character newspaper in the country and the commentaries of commentators in the People's Daily!Comrades, please reread this big-character poster and this comment.But more than 50 days, from some leading comrades of the central to local levels, is doing the opposite, standing on the position of the reactionary bourgeois, implements the bourgeois dictatorship, the vigorous proletarian cultural revolution, inverted, confuse black and white, encirclement and suppression of revolutionary, suppress dissent, implements the white terror, thought, long bourgeois down a peg or two,How poisonous is it to destroy the ambition of the proletariat!Isn't it a sobering reminder of the wrong tendency in 1962 to turn "left" but "right" in 1964?"The Cultural Revolution was a comprehensive seizure of power and a political revolution in which one class overthrew another.
The second stage was from the Ninth National Congress to the Ten Major Party Committees in August 1973.The Ninth Party Congress included Lin Biao as Chairman Mao's successor in the Party Constitution.Becoming the legal successor strengthened the Lin Biao counter-revolutionary clique's plot to seize the supreme power of the party and the state;At that time, due to Lin Biao's weak constitution, Mao Zedong was in good health, so in order to seize the highest power, they launched a counter-revolutionary armed coup d 'etat.During this period, a large number of Party members and leaders suffered criticism and attacks, a large number of intellectuals were rounded up, and reform committees were set up all over the country.The nationwide campaign of "fighting", "criticizing" and "reform" was widely launched.After the "913" Incident, Lin Biao's counter-revolutionary coup plot was completely bankrupt, and there were disagreements and struggles within the party around criticizing Lin's rectification movement.
The third stage was from the top ten to October 1976.Mao zedong first approved the proposal of "approving the forest and approving the kong" proposed by jiang qing and others, but when he found that jiang qing and others took the opportunity to usurp power, he severely criticized them and declared them to be the gang of four.In 1975, when Zhou Enlai was seriously ill, Deng Xiaoping presided over the daily work of the Central Committee and rectified all aspects, which made the situation significantly better.But then the so-called "denouncing Deng and counterattacking the Right-leaning and overturning the past" took place, and the country was once again plunged into chaos.Taking advantage of this opportunity, the Jiang Qing counterrevolutionary clique plotted to usurp the supreme power of the Party and the state.After a tortuous and complicated struggle, with the joint efforts of Hua Guofeng, Ye Zhaoying, Li Xiannian and a large number of old revolutionaries, they finally won the victory in October and defeated Jiang Qing's Gang of Four, thus ending the decade-long internal turmoil.
Nine, the great turning point in history Crushing jiang qing counter-revolutionary group from October 1976 to September 1982 the 12th national congress of the party for six years, is our party leads the people in their right, to establish and develop the party's marxist line of six years, is realizing the historical great change,In the past six years, we have made great achievements in putting things right on all fronts, and we have gradually explored and found the path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
From the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh CPC Central Committee in December 1978 to the Twelfth National Congress of the CPC in September 1982.The Third Plenary Session fundamentally broke the serious bondage of the long-standing "Left" error, re-established the ideological, political and organizational line of Marxism, and marked a great turning point in history.To shift the focus of the Party's work to economic construction.The Sixth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee adopted the Resolution on Some Historical Issues of the Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China, which completed the historical task of rectifying chaos in terms of guiding ideology.The 12th National Congress of the Party summed up the great victories achieved in the past six years, especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, in putting chaos out of order on all fronts.This paper analyzes the political and economic situation of our country, puts forward the grand program and task of opening up a new situation of socialist modernization, and expounds the theoretical and practical problems of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.Since then, China's politics and economy have undergone a great historical change, industry and agriculture have been developing steadily and rapidly, social productivity has been greatly improved, and the people of the whole country have been marching towards a comfortable society.
Pushing socialism with Chinese characteristics fully into the 21st century.
The Party's Fourteenth National Congress established a socialist market economic system.On October 12, 1992, the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing.The congress made decisions of far-reaching significance. First, we need to seize opportunities, accelerate development and focus on economic development.Second, the goal of China's economic reform is to establish a socialist market economic system.The third is to propose the task of arming the whole Party with Deng Xiaoping's theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
The 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Beijing on September 12, 1997. The meeting established Deng Xiaoping Theory as the guiding ideology of the CPC and deepened the reform and opening up.
The Sixteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Beijing on November 8, 2002. The conference established the important thought of "Three Represents" as the guiding ideology of the CPC and put forward the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.
The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Beijing on October 15, 2007. The conference made the deployment of building a well-off society in an all-round way and included the scientific development concept in the Party Constitution.
The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Beijing on November 8, 2012, and put forward the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Beijing on October 24, 2017. The congress established Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics as the guiding ideology of the Party and won a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
The century-old history of the Communist Party of China is a history of unremitting struggle, ideological exploration and self-building.In the past 100 years, we have been committed to fulfilling our original mission. We have been hard-working and pioneering, and we have been creating brilliant achievements and opening up the future.Looking back over the past 100 years and looking forward to a bright future, the most important thing we can do is to have confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics.By the time the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary in 2021, the first centenary goal of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects has been achieved, and the second goal of building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful will certainly be achieved by the time the People's Republic of China celebrates its centenary in 2021.
